What is Hydrofluoric Acid and Why is it Dangerous?

Hydrofluoric acid (CAS#7664-39-3) is a highly corrosive and toxic chemical, often referred to as the "bone-dissolving acid.

It poses unique risks due to its ability to penetrate deep tissues and bind with calcium and magnesium ions, causing severe tissue damage, hypocalcemia, and potentially fatal cardiac arrest.

Key Hazard Characteristics of Hydrofluoric Acid

• Extreme Corrosiveness: Hydrofluoric acid can corrode materials like glass, metals, and silicates.

• Acute Toxicity: Hydrofluoric acid is classified as "Acute Toxicity—Dermal, Category 1" under the Regulation on the Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.

• Delayed Symptoms: Low-concentration burns may not cause immediate pain, delaying treatment.

What is Hydrofluoric Acid Used for?

Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in industries such as:

• Semiconductor manufacturing (etching)

• Glass and metal cleaning

• Refrigerant production

• Jewelry and hardware processing

Workers in these fields face significant exposure risks.

Regulatory Framework for Hydrofluoric Acid in China

Strict regulations govern the production, storage, sale, use, and disposal of hydrofluoric acid under Chinese law, including:

• Production License: Required for enterprises producing hazardous chemicals listed in the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals.

• Business License: Necessary for selling hazardous chemicals, with clear scope limitations.

• Usage License: Mandatory for enterprises using hazardous chemicals in specified quantities.

• Storage and Sales Management: Chemicals must be stored in dedicated facilities, and sales require detailed transaction records.

• Waste Disposal: Supervised by the Environmental Protection Authority, with arbitrary disposal strictly prohibited.

Compliance Recommendations for Enterprises

For Production and Business Enterprises

• Verify Licenses: Ensure all required licenses are valid and align with business operations.

• Restrict Sales Channels: Avoid selling hazardous chemicals through non-compliant platforms.

• Enhance Hazard Communication: Include clear hazard labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS) with all shipments.

• Implement Traceability Systems: Maintain detailed sales records to track chemical usage and end-users.

For User Enterprises and Personnel

• Train Employees: Regularly educate staff on hydrofluoric acid hazards and proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

• Prepare for Emergencies: Equip facilities with emergency showers and first aid kits, and conduct regular drills.

• Standardize Waste Disposal: Partner with qualified disposal units to handle hazardous waste responsibly.

Conclusion

With the Draft of the People's Republic of China Hazardous Chemicals Safety Law (Second Review) proposing digital tracking and lifecycle monitoring, enterprises must adopt a culture of proactive compliance—from licensing, hazard communication, and workplace training to emergency preparedness and responsible waste disposal. More importantly, continuous worker education and strict adherence to regulatory frameworks are essential to prevent accidents, minimize human harm, and ensure sustainable and safe industrial development